Direct Effects

PSI DESCRIPTION
2.1 Threshold for eardrum rupture
5.1 50% probability of eardrum rupture
7.1 90% probability of eardrum rupture
10 Threshold for internal injuries by blast
12 Threshold for lung haemorrhage
20.1 50% probability of fatality from lung haemorrhage
30 90% probability of fatality from lung haemorrhage
70 Immediate blast fatalities

Indirect Effects

PSI DESCRIPTION
0.5 Injuries by glass fragments
1.1 Threshold for skin lacerations by missles
1.5 People knocked down by pressure wave
2.1 Possible fatality by being projected against obstacles
4.1 50% probability of fatality from missile wounds
7.1 100% probability of fatality from missile wounds
8.1 People standing up will be thrown a distance

Overpressure Thresholds for Structures and Equipment

PSI DESCRIPTION
0.2 Threshold for glass breakage
2.2 Collapse of non-reinforced concrete or cinderblock walls
3 Collapse of industrial steel frame structure
5.1 Displacements of pipe bridge, breakage of piping
7.3 Displacement of cylindrical storage tanks, failure of pipes
10.2 Total destruction of buildings, heavy machinery damage